The University at the crossroads

Abstract

This article examines the historical evolution of the university from its origins in the Carolingian Renaissance to the 17th century. The university is often considered to have emerged in the 12th century, with the University of Bologna as the pioneer. However, we argue that its roots lie in the Carolingian period, with the College of Louvain of 1530 as the precursor to the College of France. As royal power asserted itself in the university, its autonomy was eroded, reflecting the constitution of national states. In contrast to the rise of modern science, universities showed resistance to change and a persistent scholasticism. This analysis highlights the duality between the university as an institution anchored in the past and its emerging role in science and technology.