New truncated pyramidal structures on the left bank of the Upano River, Morona Santiago province

Abstract

This study examines newly discovered truncated pyramid structures on the left bank of the Upano River, located in Morona Santiago Province, Ecuador. Dating back to 1000 B.C., these structures belong to the "Tradición Upano" and share characteristics with the previously studied Sangay ceremonial complex. Positioned 30 km north of Macas, these pyramids are situated in a humid, fertile valley with significant rainfall, conducive to extensive agriculture. Fieldwork reveals that the region features well-preserved earthworks, including drainage channels and embankments, indicative of advanced pre-Columbian construction techniques. The findings suggest a highly organized society with sophisticated agricultural practices and ceremonial architecture. The research highlights the pyramids' monumental nature and their probable ceremonial functions, emphasizing the need for further archaeological protection and promotion. These sites offer valuable insights into the socio-political and economic dynamics of the ancient Upano culture and underscore the importance of preserving Ecuador's rich archaeological heritage.