Iluman traditional headgear

Abstract

This article explores traditional hat making in Ilumán, a distinctive element of indigenous clothing in the inter-Andean region of Ecuador. The evolution of hats is analyzed, from those handcrafted using wool felting techniques to those made of soft, industrially produced felt. Through a historical and ethnographic review, it is highlighted how the hat not only serves a practical function of sun protection, but also acts as a cultural symbol and an indicator of ethnic identity. The research focuses on the Otavalo region, where hat use has changed significantly, especially among young people, who prefer to go bareheaded or wear industrially produced hats. This change reflects dynamics of modernization and cultural adaptation, although traditional forms persist among older generations, particularly in ceremonial and religious contexts.