Ecuador a heterogeneous nation

Abstract

The article "Ecuador: A Heterogeneous Nation" explores Ecuador's cultural and ethnic diversity, challenging the traditional view of a homogeneous state centered on mestizo-Spanish-speaking culture. Through research conducted by the Otavaleño Institute of Anthropology, the presence of two macro ethnonational groups with diverse and significant cultural manifestations is evident. These studies range from interethnic relations in Otavalo-Cotacachi to popular Afro-Ecuadorian literature, demonstrating the richness and complexity of indigenous and Afro-descendant cultures. Critical anthropology underlines the importance of indigenous people themselves being the managers of their future, respecting their cultural identity, language and social organization. The self-determination of indigenous nations is advocated, without the intention of forming states within the State, but to preserve their collective memory and contribute to the socioeconomic and cultural fabric of the country. This approach seeks to establish an inclusive national identity that respects diversity.