Black republican women against racism: Cuba and Ecuador

Abstract

This article seeks to contribute to highlighting the voices of black women in the context of two events that show the depth of racism in Latin America: the massacre of the Independent Colored Party that occurred in Cuba in 1912 and the Afro-Esmeraldeña War that took place in Ecuador between 1913 and 1916. The voices of women of African descent are recognized as fundamental contributions to republicanism and black humanism that oppose the legacies of slavery as well as racism.