Masculinity and Silence: Sexual Victimization in Boys and Young Men

Abstract

Sexual violence against boys and adolescent males is a global issue often rendered invisible due to social stigma and gender norms. Despite affecting a significant number of minors, numerous barriers hinder both its recognition and appropriate intervention. Hegemonic masculinity centered on strength, invulnerability, and emotional restraint—prevents many boys from acknowledging themselves as legitimate victims and discourages disclosure of abuse.

Through focus groups with professionals working with children and adolescents, this study reveals that reluctance to report is closely linked to fear of stigmatization—especially in cases involving male perpetrators— as well as to the normalization of certain types of abuse, such as those committed by adult women. These distorted perceptions not only perpetuate silence but also obstruct access to protection and support services.

The findings emphasize the urgent need to deconstruct traditional models of masculinity and to foster alternative male identities that validate emotional expression and vulnerability. The study also advocates for a broader understanding of sexual victimization, recognizing that abuse often occurs without physical violence —through manipulation, inappropriate sexual language, or non-consensual exposure.

Recommendations include implementing comprehensive sex education, integrating gender perspectives in prevention programs, creating safe emotional spaces, strengthening institutional protocols, reforming judicial procedures to prevent re-victimization, and provide specialized training for professionals who work with minors. A structural, transformative approach is essential to ensure effective prevention and inclusive care for all victims of sexual violence.